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Commercial diplomacy
Commercial diplomacy is a method of diplomacy. It concerns an activity conducted by public and private actors with diplomatic status to support business promotion between a home and host country.〔Naray, O. (2008). "Commercial Diplomacy: A Conceptual Overview." Conference paper for the 7th World Conference of TPOs – The Hague, The Netherlands.〕 It aims at generating commercial gains in the form of trade and inward and outward investment by means of business and entrepreneurship promotion and facilitation activities in the host country.〔Ruel, H. J. M. and Visser, R. (2012). "Commercial diplomats as corporate entrepreneurs: explaining role behavior from an institutional perspective", ''International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy''.〕 Commercial diplomacy is pursued with the goal of gaining economic stability, welfare, or competitive advantage.〔Reuvers, S. and Ruel, H. J. M., "Research on Commercial Diplomacy: Review and Implications" in ''Commercial Diplomacy and International Business: a conceptual and empirical exploration'', Ruel, H. J. M., ed. (Advanced series in Management, Emerald, 2012).〕
==Definition==
In the literature the concepts of Economic diplomacy and commercial diplomacy are often used interchangeably.〔 Definitions of both concepts vary, and consequently the relationship between them is also described differently. Some authors argue that commercial diplomacy is a subset of economic diplomacy.〔Okano-Heijmans, M., and Ruel, H. (2011). "(''Commerciële diplomatie en internationaal ondernemen: Koopman versus dominee in de nieuwe economische wereldorde'' )", ''International Spectator'', 65(9), 463-467.〕 It is certain, however, that both kinds of diplomacy are "irrevocably intertwined" and thus "distinct () obviously closely related to (other )".〔Berridge, G. J., ''A Dictionary of Diplomacy'' (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001): p. 128.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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